> For the complete documentation index, see [llms.txt](https://peaceknight05.gitbook.io/warbler-theory/llms.txt). Markdown versions of documentation pages are available by appending `.md` to page URLs; this page is available as [Markdown](https://peaceknight05.gitbook.io/warbler-theory/theory-extensions/vowels.md).

# Vowels

## Long and Short Vowels

(introduction paragraph)

## R Vowel Modifier

In general, North American English is "rhotic" ("r' is always pronounced after vowels), while British English are "non-rhotic". Regardless, in both accents, an "r" after a vowel typically causes the vowel to change.

However, because Lapwing was created with North American English in mind, the rules that represent these changes sometimes don't fit with British English. As such, Warbler has additional rules to bridge this gap:

### -R for All R

As long as an "r" is present after any vowel, you should include it in the outline even if you don't pronounce it.

#### Examples

* car → `KAR`
* per → `PER`
* fir → `TPEUR`
* tore → `TOR`
* nurture → `TPHUR/KHUR`

### AR

The North American "air" sound corresponds to two different British sounds: /eə/ as in "c**are**", and /ær/ as in "p**ar**ry". Lapwing always uses `AEUR`, while Warbler uses `AEUR` only for the first, and `AR` for the second.

#### Examples

* parry → PAR/KWREU
* carry → CAR/KWREU
* parallel → PAR/KWRA/HREL